Evaluating the capability of soybean peptides as calcium ion carriers: a study through sequence analysis and molecular dynamics simulations.

Calcium homeostasis imbalance in the body can lead to a variety of chronic diseases. Supplement efficiency is essential. Peptide calcium chelate, a fourth-generation calcium supplement, offers easy absorption and minimal side effects. Its effectiveness relies on peptide's calcium binding capacity. However, research on amino acid sequences in peptides with high calcium binding capacity (HCBC) is limited, affecting the efficient identification of such peptides. This study used soybean peptides (SP), separated and purified by gel chromatography, to obtain HCBC peptide (137.45 µg mg-1) and normal peptide (≤95.78 µg mg-1). Mass spectrometry identified the sequences of these peptides, and an analysis of the positional distribution of characteristic amino acids followed. Two HCBC peptides with sequences GGDLVS (271.55 µg mg-1) and YEGVIL (272.54 µg mg-1) were discovered. Molecular dynamics showed that when either aspartic acid is located near the N-terminal's middle, or glutamic acid is near the end, or in cases of continuous Asp or Glu, the binding speed, probability, and strength between the peptide and calcium ions are superior compared to those at other locations. The study's goal was to clarify how the positions of characteristic amino acids in peptides affect calcium binding, aiding in developing peptide calcium chelates as a novel calcium supplement.

A study on the positive and negative effects of different supervisor monitoring in remote workplaces.

The current academic research on whether and how the different supervisor monitoring effect in remote workplace is relatively scarce. Based on the Job demand-resource (JD-R) Model, this study proposes that as a kind of work resource, interactional monitoring will enhance employees' self-efficacy, further enhance remote employees' work engagement and reduce their deviant behaviors. While as a kind of work requirement, electronic monitoring will decrease employees' self-efficacy, further reduce remote employee's work engagement and increase their deviant behaviors. This study gets the empirical date of 299 employees who experienced remote work. Amos 23.0, SPSS 23.0 software and process plug-in were used to do the hierarchical regression, bootstrap and simple slope analysis, so that to test the hypothesis. This study broadens the research situation and mechanism of different supervisor monitoring, so as to enrich the comprehensive understanding of the effect of them, and also to provide some inspiration and reference for relevant management practices.

Comprehensive overview of different medicinal parts from Morus alba L.: chemical compositions and pharmacological activities.

Morus alba L., a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a centuries-old medicinal history, owned various medicinal parts like Mori folium, Mori ramulus, Mori cortex and Mori fructus. Different medical parts exhibit distinct modern pharmacological effects. Mori folium exhibited analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic action and lipid-regulation effects. Mori ramulus owned anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic and diuretic activities. Mori cortex showed counteraction action of pain, inflammatory, bacterial, and platelet aggregation. Mori fructus could decompose fat, lower blood lipids and prevent vascular sclerosis. The main chemical components in Morus alba L. covered flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and amino acids. This article comprehensively analyzed the recent literature related to chemical components and pharmacological actions of M. alba L., summarizing 198 of ingredients and described the modern activities of different extracts and the bioactive constituents in the four parts from M. alba L. These results fully demonstrated the medicinal value of M. alba L., provided valuable references for further comprehensive development, and layed the foundation for the utilization of M. alba L.

Macrophage-Targeting DNA Nanomaterials: A Future Direction of Biological Therapy.

DNA can be used for precise construction of complex and flexible micro-nanostructures, including DNA origami, frame nucleic acids, and DNA hydrogels. DNA nanomaterials have good biocompatibility and can enter macrophages via scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis. DNA nanomaterials can be uniquely and flexibly designed to ensure efficient uptake by macrophages, which represents a novel strategy to regulate macrophage function. With the development of nanotechnology, major advances have been made in the design and manufacturing of DNA nanomaterials for clinical therapy. In diseases accompanied by macrophage disturbances including tumor, infectious diseases, arthritis, fibrosis, acute lung injury, and atherosclerosis, DNA nanomaterials received considerable attention as potential treatments. However, we lack sufficient information to guarantee precise targeting of macrophages by DNA nanomaterials, which precludes their therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarize recent studies of macrophage-targeting DNA nanomaterials and discuss the limitations and challenges of this approach with regard to its potential use as a biological therapy.

[Incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: The clinical data of RA patients who were hospi-talized in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Aerospace Center Hospital from May 2015 to September 2021 was retrospectively analyzed, including demographic characteristics, concomitant diseases, laboratory examinations (blood routine, biochemistry, coagulation, inflammatory markers, rheumatoid factor, antiphospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant, etc.) and treatment regimens. The patients were compared according to the presence or absence of DVT, and the t test, Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test were applied to screen for relevant factors for DVT, followed by Logistic regression analysis to determine risk factors for DVT in patients with RA. RESULTS: The incidence of DVT in the RA patients was 9.6% (31/322); the median age of RA in DVT group was significantly older than that in non-DVT group [64 (54, 71) years vs. 50 (25, 75) years, P < 0.001]; the level of disease activity score using 28 joints (DAS28)-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in DVT group was higher than that in non-DVT group [5.2 (4.5, 6.7) vs. 4.5(4.5, 5.0), P < 0.001]; the incidence of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, fracture or surgery history within 3 months, and varicose veins of the lower extremities in DVT group was higher than that in non-DVT group (P < 0.001). The levels of hemoglobin and albumin in DVT group were significantly lower than that in non-DVT group (P=0.009, P=0.004), while the D-dimer level and rheumatoid factor positive rate in DVT group were significantly higher than that in non-DVT group (P < 0.001). The use rate of glucocorticoid in DVT group was higher than that in non-DVT group (P=0.009). Logistic regression analysis showed that the age (OR=1.093, P < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR=7.955, P=0.005), fracture or surgery history within 3 months (OR=34.658, P=0.002), DAS28-ESR (OR=1.475, P=0.009), and the use of glucocorticoid (OR=5.916, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for DVT in RA patients. CONCLUSION: The incidence of DVT in hospitalized RA patients was significantly increased, in addition to traditional factors, such as age and chronic kidney disease, increased DAS28-ESR level and the use of glucocorticoid were also independent risk factors for DVT.

An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Model to Predict Malignant Cerebral Edema after Acute Anterior Circulating Large Hemisphere Infarction.

INTRODUCTION: Malignant cerebral edema (MCE) is a serious complication and the main cause of poor prognosis in patients with large-hemisphere infarction (LHI). Therefore, the rapid and accurate identification of potential patients with MCE is essential for timely therapy. This study utilized an artificial intelligence-based machine learning approach to establish an interpretable model for predicting MCE in patients with LHI. METHODS: This study included 314 patients with LHI not undergoing recanalization therapy. The patients were divided into MCE and non-MCE groups, the extreme Gradient boosting (XGBoost) model was developed. A confusion matrix was used to measure the prediction performance of the XGBoost model. We also utilized the SHapley Additive extension (SHAP) method to explain the XGBoost model. Decision curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed to evaluate the net benefits of the model. RESULTS: MCE was observed in 121(38.5%) of the 314 patients with LHI. The model showed excellent predictive performance, with an area under the curve of 0.916. The SHAP method revealed the top 10 predictive variables of the MCE such as ASPECTS score, NIHSS score, CS score, APACHE II score, HbA1c, AF, NLR, PLT, GCS and Age based on their importance ranking. CONCLUSION: An interpretable predictive model can increase transparency and help doctors accurately predict the occurrence of MCE in LHI patients, not undergoing recanalization therapy within 48h from onset, providing patients with better treatment strategies and enabling optimal resource allocation.

Short-term lifestyle education on obesity reduction in adolescents.

Backgrounds: Obesity is increasing in adolescents in China. However, the awareness of obesity and prevention on related risk factors were not well known. We aim to assess the effectiveness of short-term health education intervention on obesity in Chinese adolescents. Methods: In this study, 42 primary and secondary schools from Qingdao were randomly divided into the education and control groups. A total of 11,739 adolescents was included in the current study. The logistic regression was employed to assess odds ratio (OR) of education intervention on overweight and obesity prevalence adjusting for covariates. Results: The baseline prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in urban than in rural areas and in boys than in girls. After 1 year lifestyle intervention, the proportion of students with awareness of obesity was higher, meanwhile age-adjusted mean values of weight, body mass index, duration of watching TV and doing homework were lower in education group than control group. The corresponding figures were 43.6 [95% CI (confidence intervals); 43.3-43.9] kg versus 44.3 (95% CI; 44.0-44.6) kg, 18.6 (95% CI; 18.5-18.7) kg/m2 versus 18.9 (95% CI; 18.8-19.1) kg/m2, 1.3 (95% CI; 1.2-1.3) hours/d versus 1.4 (95% CI; 1.3-1.4) hours/d, and 1.5 (95% CI; 1.4-1.5) hours/d versus 1.8 (95% CI, 1.7-1.8) hours/d. The multivariable adjusted OR for combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.76-0.96) in education group as compared with control group. Conclusion: Short-term health education intervention results in significantly higher reductions in obesity parameters and improvement in awareness in Chinese adolescents.

Chemical Characterization of Honeysuckle Polyphenols and Their Alleviating Function on Ultraviolet B-Damaged HaCaT Cells by Modulating the Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathways.

Scientific evidence attests that the epidermis receives excessive ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, triggering the generation of substantial quantities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupted the delicate equilibrium of oxidation-reduction, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. The historical use of honeysuckle polyphenols (HPs) has garnered our attention due to their efficacy in inhibiting oxidative damage. In this study, HPs were prepared from honeysuckle flowers employing an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method and quantitatively analyzed by a LC-MS/MS, and the mechanisms underlying HPs' antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on a UVB-irradiated HaCaT cell model were systematically investigated. The results showed that HPs had a significant cellular repair effect on UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells (p < 0.001). The mechanism of action indicated that HPs could allow Nrf2 to enter the nucleus by regulating the dissociation of Nrf2 from Keap1, which further increases the activity of downstream proteases (SOD and CAT), increases ROS scavenging, and reduces the intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) level. In addition, HPs could down-regulate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inhibit NF-κB (P65) dissociating from IκBα, resulting in a decrease in NF-κB (P65) entry into the nucleus and a decrease in inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß). In addition, four key compounds in HPs, including chlorogenic acid, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and luteolin, were selected to verify the mechanism of HPs repairing UVB damage using molecular docking techniques. The experiment suggested that four key active compounds could effectively occupy the Kelch homologue (Kelch) structural domain of Keap1, competitively bind with Nrf2, and facilitate the promotion of Nrf2 binding, ultimately enhancing the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. In addition, four key active compounds could effectively interact with NF-κB (P65) through hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic forces to inhibit its entry into the nucleus. In summary, HPs can effectively repair the damage of HaCaT cells by UVB radiation and can be used to develop health and cosmetic products for the treatment of UV radiation-induced diseases.

Preliminary investigation on the analysis of the whole components of Pogejiuxin decoction and its formulation pattern based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

RATIONAL: Pogejiuxin decoction (PGJXD) is one of the most important formulas for the treatment of heart failure. However, there is a great lack of research on the material basis of this formula, especially research on its compatibility laws, which restricts its clinical use. Studying the complete ingredients and compatibility rules of PGJXD has great significance for guiding clinical medication. METHODS: The entire formula, the major single herbs, the drug pairs and the disassembled formula were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOFMS/MS), matching the chemical composition database and global natural product social molecular networking to explain the chemical composition as well as the combination pattern of PGJXD. RESULTS: A total of 1048 chemical constituents were fully analyzed from the major single herbs, the drug pairs and the disassembled formula and 188 chemical constituents, including 13 potential novel compounds, were firstly identified from the whole formula. We found that the chemical compositions were reduced after the single herbs were matched to the other herbs, especially the significant reduction of highly toxic diester alkaloids after compatibility, indicating that the medicines of PGJXD were interdependent and controlled by each other. CONCLUSION: This study innovatively researches and compares the compositional differences between the entire formula of PGJXD, the single, paired and separated formulas, greatly extending our understanding of the chemical substance basis of these compounds, and preliminarily explores the compatibility laws of PGJXD, providing some theoretical guidance for clinical medication.

Olink proteomics analysis uncovers inflammatory proteins in patients with different states of bipolar disorder.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study. BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the relationship between different states of bipolar disorder (BD) and plasma inflammatory proteins, which may be used as their biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We totally collected admission plasma from 16 healthy subjects and 32 BD patients, including 16 patients with BD manic episodes (BD-M) and 16 patients with BD depressive episodes (BD-D). Ten samples in each group were analyzed by proximity extension assays of 92 inflammation-related proteins, and all samples were verified by ELISA. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify the diagnostic ability and cut-off values of potential biomarkers. RESULTS: Our findings showed that BD patients had significantly higher levels of IL6, MCP-1, TGF-α, IL8, and IL10-RB in comparison with healthy subjects, and their cut-off values were 0.531 pg/ml, 0.531 pg/ml, 0.469 pg/ml, 0.406 pg/ml, and 0.406 pg/ml, respectively. The levels of IL6, MCP-1, TGF-α, and IL8 in BD-M patients were significantly greater than in healthy individuals, and their cut-off values were 0.813 pg/ml, 0.688 pg/ml, 0.438 pg/ml, and 0.625 pg/ml, respectively. Moreover, we found cut-off values of 0.500 pg/mL and 0.688 ng/mL for TGF-α and ß-NGF, respectively, even though the levels in the BD-D group were much higher than in the control group. Furthermore, BD-M patients had significantly higher levels of IL6, FGF-19, IFN-γ, and IL-17C in comparison with BD-D patients. Likewise, 0.687 pg/ml, 0.500 pg/ml, 0.438 pg/ml, and 0.375 pg/ml were their cut-off values, respectively. Our findings also showed that the combination of these proteins had the highest diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that plasma inflammatory proteins were related to BD and its subtypes, which may be utilized as potential biomarkers of different stages of BD. Furthermore, we also found their cut-off values and their combinations to have the highest diagnostic accuracy, providing clinicians with a new method to rapidly differentiate BD and its subtypes and manage early targeted interventions.

Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of 3,3-difluoro-3H-indoles.

A convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of optically active difluoro-substituted indoline derivatives starting from the corresponding 3H-indoles by chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation was developed. Using Hantzsch ester as the hydrogen source under mild reaction conditions, the target products can be obtained with excellent yield and enantioselectivity.

An Umbrella Insight into the Phytochemistry Features and Biological Activities of Corn Silk: A Narrative Review.

Corn silk (Zea mays L.) is the stigma of an annual gramineous plant named corn, which is distributed in many regions worldwide and has a long history of medicinal use. In recent years, with the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine, studies of corn silk based on modern technologies, such as GC-MS, LC-MS, and other analytical means, have offered more comprehensive analyses. Phytochemistry studies have shown that the main bioactive components in corn silk include flavonoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, fatty acids, and terpenoids. Pharmacological studies have shown that corn silk extract has various pharmacological effects, such as reducing blood lipids, lowering blood pressure, regulating blood sugar levels, anti-inflammatory effects, and anti-oxidation effects. In this paper, the related research on corn silk from the past few years is summarized to provide a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of corn silk.

Multifunctional Metal-Organic Frameworks as Catalysts for Tandem Reactions.

Owing to well-defined structure as well as easy synthesis and modification, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising catalysts for tandem reactions. In this article, we aim to summarize the development of multifunctional MOFs, including mixed metal MOFs, MOFs that are synergistically catalyzed by metal nodes and organic linkers, MOFs loaded with metal nanoparticles, etc, as heterogenous catalysts for tandem reactions over the past five years. This concept briefly discusses on present challenges, future trends, and prospects of multifunctional MOFs catalysts in tandem reactions.

New polyketides from the starfish-derived symbiotic fungus Penicillium sp. GGF16-1-2.

One new rare carbon-bridged citrinin dimer quinocitrindimer C (1) as a pair of epimers, two new polyketide penicilliodes D (3) and E (4) together with nine known citrinin derivatives, were isolated from the fermentation broth of starfish-derived symbiotic fungus Penicillium sp. GGF16-1-2. Their structures and configurations were elucidated by comprehensively spectroscopic data analysis and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Eleven citrinin derivatives were tested by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and compound 2 played a significant antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with LC50 value of 0.27 µg/ml.

Reversible modulation of interlayer stacking in 2D copper-organic frameworks for tailoring porosity and photocatalytic activity.

The properties of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs), including porosity, catalytic activity as well as electronic and optical properties, are greatly affected by their interlayer stacking structures. However, the precise control of their interlayer stacking mode, especially in a reversible fashion, is a long-standing and challenging pursuit. Herein, we prepare three 2D copper-organic frameworks, namely JNM-n (n = 7, 8, and 9). Interestingly, the reversible interlayer sliding between eclipsed AA stacking (i.e., JNM-7-AA and JNM-8-AA) and staggered ABC stacking (i.e., JNM-7-ABC and JNM-8-ABC) can be achieved through environmental stimulation, which endows reversible encapsulation and release of lipase. Importantly, JNM-7-AA and JNM-8-AA exhibit a broader light absorption range, higher charge-separation efficiency, and higher photocatalytic activity for sensitizing O2 to 1O2 and O2•- than their ABC stacking isostructures. Consequently, JNM-8-AA deliver significantly enhanced photocatalytic activities for oxidative cross-coupling reactions compared to JNM-8-ABC and other reported homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.

Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis unveils the significant prognostic value and potential role in immune microenvironment modulation of TRIB3.

TRIB3, a pseudokinase, was previously studied within only some specific cancer types, leaving its comprehensive functions in pan-cancer contexts largely unexplored. Here, we performed an integrated analysis of TRIB3 expression, prognosis, genetic alterations, functional enrichment and tumor immune-related characteristics in 33 cancer types. Our results showed that TRIB3 exhibits high expression levels across 24 different cancer types and correlates closely with unfavorable prognoses. Meanwhile, TRIB3 shows mutations in a wide spectrum of 22 distinct cancer types, with the predominant mutation types being missense mutations and gene amplifications, and significant changes in DNA methylation levels in 14 types of cancer. We further discovered that TRIB3 expression is significantly associated with cancer immune-related genome mutations, such as tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) and DNA mismatch repair (MMR), and infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, such as CD4+ Th2 cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), into the tumor microenvironment. These results indicated that the expression of TRIB3 might reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and lead to immunosuppressive "cold" tumors. In addition, our results confirmed that the loss of function of TRIB3 inhibits cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and leads to significant enrichment of "hot" tumor-related immune pathways, at least in breast cancer cells, which further supports the important role of TRIB3 in cancer prognosis and TIME regulation. Together, this pan-cancer investigation provided a comprehensive understanding of the critical role of TRIB3 in human cancers, and suggested that TRIB3 might be a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.

Characterizing adjuvants' effects at murine immunoglobulin repertoire level.

Generating large-scale, high-fidelity sequencing data is challenging and, furthermore, not much has been done to characterize adjuvants' effects at the repertoire level. Thus, we introduced an IgSeq pipeline that standardized library prep protocols and data analysis functions for accurate repertoire profiling. We then studied systemically effects of CpG and Alum on the Ig heavy chain repertoire using the ovalbumin (OVA) murine model. Ig repertoires of different tissues (spleen and bone marrow) and isotypes (IgG and IgM) were examined and compared in IGHV mutation, gene usage, CDR3 length, clonal diversity, and clonal selection. We found Ig repertoires of different compartments exhibited distinguishable profiles at the non-immunized steady state, and distinctions became more pronounced upon adjuvanted immunizations. Notably, Alum and CpG effects exhibited different tissue- and isotype-preferences. The former led to increased diversity of abundant clones in bone marrow, and the latter promoted the selection of IgG clones in both tissues.

ANGPT2/CAV1 regulates albumin transcytosis of glomerular endothelial cells under high glucose exposure and is impaired by losartan.

BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria is a common clinical symptom that manifests in the early stages of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and is also the main feature of glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) injury. There is increasing evidence that the transcytosis of albumin across GECs is closely related to the formation of albuminuria. Our previous studies have shown that angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) can inhibit albumin transcytosis across renal tubular epithelial cells by activating caveolin 1 (CAV1) phosphorylation during high glucose (HG) exposure. The role of ANGPT2 in albumin transcytosis across GECs remains unclear. Losartan significantly reduces albuminuria, but the mechanism has not been clarified. METHODS: We established an in vitro albumin transcytosis model to investigate the change in albumin transcytosis across human renal glomerular endothelial cells (hrGECs) under normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG) and losartan intervention. We knocked down ANGPT2 and CAV1 to evaluate their roles in albumin transcytosis across hrGECs and verified the relationship between them. In vivo, DKD mouse models were established and treated with different doses of losartan. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of ANGPT2 and CAV1. RESULTS: In vitro, the transcytosis of albumin across hrGECs was significantly increased under high glucose stimulation, and losartan inhibited this process. The expression of ANGPT2 and CAV1 were both increased in hrGECs under HG conditions and losartan intervention reduced the expression of them. Moreover, ANGPT2 downregulation reduced albumin transcytosis in hrGECs by regulating CAV1 expression. In vivo, the expression of ANGPT2 and CAV1 in the glomerulus was both increased significantly in DKD mice. Compared with DKD mice, losartan treatment reduced albuminuria and decreased the expression of ANGPT2 and CAV1 in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: ANGPT2 exacerbated albumin transcytosis across GECs by increasing CAV1 expression during HG exposure, thereby increasing albuminuria. Losartan reduces albumin transcytosis and albuminuria formation in DKD by inhibiting the upregulation of ANGPT2 under HG conditions. Our findings suggest that ANGPT2 and CAV1 may be novel therapeutic targets for diabetic albuminuria. In addition, we provide new evidence to elaborate on the mechanism of losartan in the development of DKD.

Effects of digitalization on energy security risk: do financial development and environmental trade matter?

Trade in environmental goods and financial development may harness factors such as green investment, technological development, and renewable energy production, which are crucial in reducing energy security risks by diversifying energy sources. However, not many empirics have shed light on the impact of digitalization, environmental trade, and financial development on energy security risks in top energy-consuming countries. To fill this vacuum, this study intends to investigate the influence of digitalization, environmental trade, and financial development on energy security risk in top energy-consuming countries from 2003 to 2021. The study employs the 2SLS and GMM estimates for empirical estimation of top energy-consuming developed and developing economies. The results show that ICT negatively affects energy security risks in developed economies. The findings of the analysis also suggest that environmental trade and financial development cause energy security risks to be reduced in both developed and developing economies. Likewise, the energy security risks in both developed and developing nations are mitigated by ICT, GDP, carbon emissions, and renewable energy production. In contrast, the energy security risks are escalated by the rise in natural resource rents. In order to fully capitalize on the potential advantages of these elements and eventually ensure a more sustainable and secure energy future, governments, businesses, and financial institutions must work together.

Current Trends of Raman Spectroscopy in Clinic Settings: Opportunities and Challenges.

Early clinical diagnosis, effective intraoperative guidance, and an accurate prognosis can lead to timely and effective medical treatment. The current conventional clinical methods have several limitations. Therefore, there is a need to develop faster and more reliable clinical detection, treatment, and monitoring methods to enhance their clinical applications. Raman spectroscopy is noninvasive and provides highly specific information about the molecular structure and biochemical composition of analytes in a rapid and accurate manner. It has a wide range of applications in biomedicine, materials, and clinical settings. This review primarily focuses on the application of Raman spectroscopy in clinical medicine. The advantages and limitations of Raman spectroscopy over traditional clinical methods are discussed. In addition, the advantages of combining Raman spectroscopy with machine learning, nanoparticles, and probes are demonstrated, thereby extending its applicability to different clinical phases. Examples of the clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy over the last 3 years are also integrated. Finally, various prospective approaches based on Raman spectroscopy in clinical studies are surveyed, and current challenges are discussed.